Aortic arch calcification and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Background There were no reports on the associations of aortic arch calcification (AAC) measured by chest X-ray with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older general population. Moreover, previous studies of hemodialysis patients showed that AAC was correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and predicted CVD jointly. Whether the effects remained in the general population is unknown. We examined the associations of AAC with all-cause mortality and CVD in general population and the risk associated with the coexistence of AAC and LVH. Methods Presence and severity (grades 0-2) of AAC were measured by chest X-ray, and LVH was identified by 12lead electrocardiogram in 27,166 Chinese aged 50+ years free of CVD from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Multivariate Cox regressions were used to examine associations of AAC and LVH with outcomes. Findings During an average follow-up of 14.3 years, 5,350 deaths and 4,012 CVD occurred. Compared to those without AAC at baseline, those with AAC had higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.31) and CVD (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30), with dose-response relationship (P = 0.001). Furthermore, those with coexistence of AAC and LVH had higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.37-2.15) and CVD (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.402.32) than those without AAC and LVH. Interpretation As chest X-ray has been performed commonly for health screening and in hospital patients when first admitted, AAC measured by chest X-ray can be further applied to assist cardiovascular risk stratification in the community and clinical settings. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.