Development of an EORTC questionnaire module to be used in quality of life assessment for patients with oesophageal cancer

Quality of life (QOL) assessments in patients with oesophageal cancer should provide clinically meaningful data that can assist management decision making. This study describes the development of a specific module for oesophageal cancer to use with the European Organisation into Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ-C30. Relevant QOL issues were generated from a literature search and interviews with patients and oesophageal cancer specialists. Issues were formulated into items compatible with those of the EORTC QLQ-C30. The provisional module was pretested in patients from the United Kingdom, Spain and Sweden. The resulting module, the QLQ-OES 24, includes 24 items conceptualised as containing six scales and five single items. The addition of an oesophageal cancer-specific module to the core questionnaire should improve the sensitivity and specificity of the core instrument to allow detection of even small benefits accrued from new treatment modalities. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd