Photocatalytic inactivation of human adenovirus 40: Effect of dissolved organic matter and prefiltration

Within the Adenoviridae family, human adenovirus 40 (HAdV40) is the most UV resistant serotype. This study explores photocatalytic inactivation of the pathogenic HAdV40 by UV light with TiO2 catalyst in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissolved organics is significant: 9.6 mg(DOC)/L decreases [OH center dot] by the factor of similar to 17.4 with respect to that in deionized water. Regardless of the pre-filter choice (d(pore) = 0.03 mu m, 0.45 mu m, or 0.8 mu m), the removal of the total HAdV40 by photocatalytic UV depends linearly on UV254 fluence, Phi(254), indicating that water quality impacts the DNA damage via fluence attenuation only. In contrast, the removal of infectious HAdV40 depends on the nature of dissolved constituents in the sample; at low Phi(254), for the same value of fluence photocatalytic UV disinfection is more effective when using the smallest pore size (0.03 mu m) pre-filter. The differences in concentration, molecular weight, and type of organic molecules that pass through different prefilters should translate into variations in the extent of quenching. Apparently, filtration through a 0.03 mu m membrane produces sufficiently pure permeate for the adenovirus to become an ROS's target competitive with remaining organic scavengers. Combining a photo catalyst-coated microfiltration membrane (d(pore) = 0.8 mu m) with UV light into a photocatalytic membrane reactor removes similar to 3.0 log of infectious HAdV40 in the high throughput continuous flow process with the initial specific permeate flux of 3322 +/- 266 (L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1)). The results point to the potential feasibility of photocatalytic disinfection as a tertiary treatment applied to a relatively high quality effluent typical for membrane filtration plants.