Legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in the freshwater ecosystem: A review

被引：109

作者：

Iqbal, Mehreen ^{[1
]}

Syed, Jabir Hussain ^{[2
]}

Katsoyiannis, Athanasios ^{[3
]}

Malik, Riffat Naseem ^{[1
]}

Farooqi, Abida ^{[1
]}

Butt, Ayesha ^{[1
]}

Li, Jun ^{[2
]}

Zhang, Gan ^{[2
]}

Cincinelli, Alessandra ^{[4
,5
,6
]}

Jones, Kevin C.

机构：

[1] Quaid I Azam Univ, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Biol & Ecotoxicol Lab, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[3] FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Hjalmar Johansens Gt 14, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway

[4] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Florence, Italy

[5] Italian Natl Res Council IDPA CNR, Inst Dynam Environm Proc, Dorsoduro 2137, I-30123 Venice, Italy

[6] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH | 2017年 / 152卷

关键词：

Flame retardants; Fresh water ecosystem; Sediment; Biota; Regional trends; Transport and fate; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PEARL RIVER ESTUARY; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED AREA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; HERRING GULL EGGS; DECHLORANE PLUS; SOUTH CHINA;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.024

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

In this review article, we have compiled and reviewed the previously published available literature on environmental distribution, behaviour, fate and regional trends of legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) including brominated (BFRs), organo-phosphate (OPFRs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) in the freshwater ecosystem. Transport and fate is discussed briefly with the evidences of de-bromination, sedimentation and accumulation in biota. De-bromination of BDE-209 is considered of concern because the lower brominated congeners are more toxic and mobile thus posing increased risk to the freshwater ecosystem. The available data on temporal and spatial trends as yet, is too few to show any consistent trends, enabling only general conclusions to be drawn. There is a lack of temporal studies in Asia, while, overall the trends are mixed, with both increasing and decreasing concentrations of BFRs and OPFRs. OPFRs and NBFRs have replaced classical BFRs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) in some countries but the amount of PBDE5 in the environment is still considerable. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed emphasizing on further monitoring, advanced analytical methodologies, and risk assessment studies to completely understand the science of flame retardants in the freshwater ecosystem.

引用

页码：26 / 42

页数：17

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