Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) represent one of the most innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications. NPs main objective is to convey the therapeutic molecule be they drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids directly into the target organ or tissue. Many polymers are used for the synthesis of NPs and among the currently most employed materials several biocompatible synthetic polymers, namely polylactic acid (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), can be cited. These molecules are made of simple monomers which are naturally present in the body and therefore easily excreted without being toxic. The present review addresses the different approaches that are most commonly adopted to synthetize biocompatible NPs to date, as well as the experimental strategies designed to load them with therapeutic agents. In fact, drugs may be internalized in the NPs or physically dispersed therein. In this paper the various types of biodegradable polymer NPs will be discussed with emphasis on their applications in drug delivery. Close attention will be devoted to the treatment of cancer, where both active and passive targeting is used to enhance efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity, and to diseases affecting the central nervous system, inasmuch as NPs can be modified to target specific cells or cross membrane barriers.
机构:
Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
机构:
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Beck, R. C. R.
;
Chaves, P. S.
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Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Chaves, P. S.
;
Goyanes, A.
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FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Goyanes, A.
;
Vukosavljevic, B.
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机构:
Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res HZI, Saarbrucken, Germany
Helmholtz Inst Pharmaceut Res Saarland HIPS, Dept Drug Delivery, Saarbrucken, GermanyUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Vukosavljevic, B.
;
Buanz, A.
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UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Buanz, A.
;
Windbergs, M.
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机构:
Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res HZI, Saarbrucken, Germany
Helmholtz Inst Pharmaceut Res Saarland HIPS, Dept Drug Delivery, Saarbrucken, Germany
Goethe Univ, Inst Pharmaceut Technol, Frankfurt, Germany
Goethe Univ, Buchmann Inst Mol Life Sci, Frankfurt, GermanyUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Windbergs, M.
;
Basit, A. W.
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h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, England
FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Basit, A. W.
;
Gaisford, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, England
FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
机构:
Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
机构:
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Beck, R. C. R.
;
Chaves, P. S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Chaves, P. S.
;
Goyanes, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Goyanes, A.
;
Vukosavljevic, B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res HZI, Saarbrucken, Germany
Helmholtz Inst Pharmaceut Res Saarland HIPS, Dept Drug Delivery, Saarbrucken, GermanyUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Vukosavljevic, B.
;
Buanz, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Buanz, A.
;
Windbergs, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res HZI, Saarbrucken, Germany
Helmholtz Inst Pharmaceut Res Saarland HIPS, Dept Drug Delivery, Saarbrucken, Germany
Goethe Univ, Inst Pharmaceut Technol, Frankfurt, Germany
Goethe Univ, Buchmann Inst Mol Life Sci, Frankfurt, GermanyUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Windbergs, M.
;
Basit, A. W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, England
FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Basit, A. W.
;
Gaisford, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, UCL Sch Pharm, London, England
FabRx Ltd, Ashford, Kent, EnglandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Pharm, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil