Partisan Sorting and Niche Parties in Europe

Earlier research has concluded that European citizens do not update their Left-Right policy preferences or their party attachments in response to the content of parties' election manifestos - i.e. partisan sorting is not observed in the mass public in response to shifts in the Left-Right tone of these manifestos. Here we extend this research to analyse whether we observe partisan sorting patterns that correspond with political experts' perceptions of parties' Left-Right policy shifts. Given that these experts plausibly consider all pertinent information when estimating parties' Left-Right orientations - including party elites' speeches, elite interviews, coalition behaviour, and legislative voting patterns - such a finding would imply that citizens do weigh the wider informational environment when updating their Left-Right orientations and their party support, even if they do not attach great weight to the parties' policy manifestos. Our analyses provide support for this hypothesis with respect to niche parties, i.e. green, communist, and radical right parties, but not for mainstream parties.