Endemic Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bhutan

被引:35
作者
Yangzom, Thinley [2 ,3 ]
Cruz, Israel [4 ]
Bern, Caryn [5 ]
Argaw, Daniel [1 ]
den Boer, Margriet [1 ]
Dario Velez, Ivan [6 ]
Bhattacharya, Sujit K. [7 ]
Molina, Ricardo [4 ]
Alvar, Jorge [1 ]
机构
[1] World Hlth Org, Leishmaniasis Control Program, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis CDS NTD IDM, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
[2] JDWNR Hosp, Timphu, Bhutan
[3] Timphu Minist Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Control Programme, Timphu, Bhutan
[4] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Parasitol, WHO Collaborating Ctr Leishmaniasis, Madrid, Spain
[5] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[6] Univ Antioquia, Programa Estudio & Control Enfermedades Trop, Medellin, Colombia
[7] WHO SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India
关键词
SKIN-TEST; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; HIMACHAL-PRADESH; KALA-AZAR; DONOVANI; FOCUS; AREA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS;
D O I
10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0211
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Visceral leishmaniasis was first reported in Bhutan in 2006. We conducted studies of the parasite, possible vectors and reservoirs, and leishmanin skin test and risk factor surveys in three villages. Nineteen cases were reported from seven districts. Parasite typing yielded two novel microsatellite sequences, both related to Indian L. donovani. In one case village, 40 (18.5%) of 216 participants had positive leishmanin skin test results, compared with 3 (4.2%) of 72 in the other case village and 0 of 108 in the control village. Positive results were strongly associated with the village and increasing age. None of the tested dogs were infected. Eighteen sand flies were collected, 13 Phlebotomus species and 5 Sergentomyia species; polymerase chain reaction for leishmanial DNA was negative. This assessment suggests that endemic visceral leishmaniasis transmission has occurred in diverse locations in Bhutan. Surveillance, case investigations, and further parasite, vector, and reservoir studies are needed. The potential protective impact of bed nets should be evaluated.
引用
收藏
页码:1028 / 1037
页数:10
相关论文
共 39 条
  • [1] Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A comparison study between standardized graded direct microscopy and ITS1-PCR of Giemsa-stained smears
    Al-Jawabreh, A.
    Schoenian, G.
    Hamarsheh, O.
    Presber, W.
    [J]. ACTA TROPICA, 2006, 99 (01) : 55 - 61
  • [2] Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent
    Alam, Mohammad Zahangir
    Kuhls, Katrin
    Schweynoch, Carola
    Sundar, Shyam
    Rijal, Suman
    Shamsuzzaman, Abul Khair M.
    Raju, Balaraju Venkata Subba
    Salotra, Poonam
    Dujardin, Jean-Claude
    Schoenian, Gabriele
    [J]. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 2009, 9 (01) : 24 - 31
  • [3] VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN ETHIOPIA .1. CROSS-SECTIONAL LEISHMANIN SKIN-TEST IN AN ENDEMIC LOCALITY
    ALI, A
    ASHFORD, RW
    [J]. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY, 1993, 87 (02): : 157 - 161
  • [4] Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence
    Alvar, Jorge
    Velez, Ivan D.
    Bern, Caryn
    Herrero, Merce
    Desjeux, Philippe
    Cano, Jorge
    Jannin, Jean
    den Boer, Margriet
    [J]. PLOS ONE, 2012, 7 (05):
  • [5] [Anonymous], 2005, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package) version 3.6
  • [6] The identification of sandfly species, from an area of Argentina with endemic leishmaniasis, by the PCR-based analysis of the gene coding for 18S ribosomal RNA
    Barroso, P. A.
    Marco, J. D.
    Kato, H.
    Tarama, R.
    Rueda, P.
    Cajal, S. P.
    Basombrio, M. A.
    Korenaga, M.
    Taranto, N. J.
    Hashiguchi, Y.
    [J]. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY, 2007, 101 (03): : 247 - 253
  • [7] Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh
    Bern, Caryn
    Amann, Josef
    Haque, Rashidul
    Chowdhury, Rajib
    Ali, Mustakim
    Kurkjian, Katie M.
    Vaz, Louise
    Wagatsuma, Yukiko
    Breiman, Robert F.
    Secor, W. Evan
    Maguire, James H.
    [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2006, 75 (04) : 744 - 748
  • [8] Bern C, 2006, INDIAN J MED RES, V123, P275
  • [9] LEISHMANIASIS IN TUSCANY (ITALY) .8. HUMAN-POPULATION RESPONSE TO LEISHMANIN IN THE FOCUS OF MONTE ARGENTARIO (GROSSETO) AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
    BETTINI, S
    GRAMICCIA, M
    GRADONI, L
    POZIO, E
    MUGNAI, S
    MAROLI, M
    [J]. ANNALES DE PARASITOLOGIE HUMAINE ET COMPAREE, 1983, 58 (06): : 539 - 547
  • [10] Bhattacharya SK, 2010, INDIAN J MED RES, V132, P337