Temperature influence on bond formation in multi-material joining by forging

Cold welding, e.g. by cold forging, is a smart manufacturing technology, enabling novel multi material designs. A combination of steel and aluminum is particularly attractive for manufacturing multi-material products but challenging to handle in a pressure welding process. Forging at elevated temperatures could provide promising benefits to overcome limitations in cold welding with regard to process design and bond formation. The transition from cold to warm forging effects the covering layer and the bulk properties. The paper at hand focusses on the effect of temperature increase on bond strength and bond formation on the microscopic scale. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.