Helicobacter pylori Serology Inversely Correlated With the Risk and Severity of Reflux Esophagitis in Helicobacter pylori Endemic Area: A Matched Case-Control Study of 5,616 Health Check-Up Koreans

Background/Aims The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastroesophageal reflux disease remains still controversial and the effect of the organism on severity of reflux esophagitis have been rarely issued. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and reflux esophagitis, and especially the severity of reflux esophagitis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional case-control study of 5,616 subjects undergoing both upper endoscopy and H. pylori serology during health Check-up (2,808 cases vs age-and sex-matched controls). Smoking, alcohol, body mass index and waist circum ference were added to a multiple regression model. Results Prevalence of H. pylori infection was lower in cases with reflux esophagitis than in controls (38.4% vs 58.2%, P < 0.001) and negative associations with H. pylori infection continued across the grade of esophagitis (46.7% in Los Angeles classification M [LA-M], 34.3% in LA-A or LA-B and 22.4% in LA-C or LA-D, P < 0.001). Positive serology for H. pylori independently reduced the risk of reflux esophagitis (adjusted OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39-0.49). Notably, the negative associations continued across the grade of esophagitis with adjusted ORs of 0.63 in LA-M, 0.36 in LA-A or LA-B and 0.20 in LA-C or LA-D (P < 0.001). Conclusions In a age-sex matched Korean, H. pylori seropositivity was independently and inversely associated with the risk and severity of reflux esophagitis, suggesting the organism may have a protective role against gastroesophageal reflux disease.