Sliding Window Detection and Analysis Method of Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Time Series-A Case Study of the Torch Festival in Yunnan Province, China

The spatial distribution of night-time lights (NTL) provides a new perspective for studying the range and influence of human activities. However, most studies employing NTL time series are based on monthly or annual composite data, and time series studies incorporating sliding windows are currently lacking. Therefore, using National Polar-Orbiting Partnership's visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (NPP-VIIRS) night-time light remote sensing (NTLRS) data, VNP46A2, toponym, and Yunnan census statistical data, this study proposes a sliding-window-based NTLRS time series detection and analysis method. We extracted ethnic minority areas on the PyCharm platform using ethnic minority population proportion data and toponym and excluding data representing interference from urban areas. We used a sliding window approach to analyze NTLRS time series data of each ethnic group and calculated the cosine similarity between the NTL brightness curve of original data and the sliding window analysis result. The cosine similarity was greater than 0.96 from 2018 to 2020; we also conducted a field trip to the 2019 Torch Festival to demonstrate the applicability of the employed method. Finally, the temporal and spatial pattern of the Torch Festival was analyzed using the festival in Yunnan Province as an example. Results showed that the Torch Festival, mostly celebrated by the Yi ethnic group, was usually held on the 24th (and ranged from the 22nd to 26th) day in the sixth month of the lunar calendar (LC) every year. We found that during the Torch Festival, the greater the increase in the percentage of NTL brightness reduction in the main urban area of Kunming, the greater the percentage of ethnic minorities' NTL brightness. The width of the sliding window can be adjusted appropriately according to the research objective, with these results showing good continuity. Our study presents a new application of the sliding window approach in the field of remote sensing, suitable for research into festivals related to night lights and fire all over the world.