Rare earth element mobility in and around carbonatites controlled by sodium, potassium, and silica

被引：140
作者：
Anenburg, Michael [1 ,2 ]
Mavrogenes, John A. [1 ]
Frigo, Corinne [1 ]
Wall, Frances [2 ]
机构：
[1] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
[2] Univ Exeter, Camborne Sch Mines, Penryn TR10 9FE, England
来源：
SCIENCE ADVANCES | 2020年 / 6卷 / 41期
关键词：
SONGWE HILL CARBONATITE; REE MINERALIZATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; ALKALINE COMPLEX; SICHUAN PROVINCE; TRACE-ELEMENT; MINERALS; APATITE; FRACTIONATION;
D O I：
10.1126/sciadv.abb6570
中图分类号：
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号：
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要：
Carbonatites and associated rocks are the main source of rare earth elements (REEs), metals essential to modern technologies. REE mineralization occurs in hydrothermal assemblages within or near carbonatites, suggesting aqueous transport of REE. We conducted experiments from 1200 degrees C and 1.5 GPa to 200 degrees C and 0.2 GPa using light (La) and heavy (Dy) REE, crystallizing fluorapatite intergrown with calcite through dolomite to ankerite. All experiments contained solutions with anions previously thought to mobilize REE (chloride, fluoride, and carbonate), but REEs were extensively soluble only when alkalis were present. Dysprosium was more soluble than lanthanum when alkali complexed. Addition of silica either traps REE in early crystallizing apatite or negates solubility increases by immobilizing alkalis in silicates. Anionic species such as halogens and carbonates are not sufficient for REE mobility. Additional complexing with alkalis is required for substantial REE transport in and around carbonatites as a precursor for economic grade-mineralization.
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页数：10
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