Modelling the impact of EVs on electricity generation, costs and CO2 emissions Assessing the impact of different charging regimes and future generation profiles for Ireland in 2025

This paper focuses on the impact of electric vehicles on electricity generation in Ireland in 2025 based on five alternative generation portfolios. The year 2025 was selected for assessment due to the information on the composition of the five generation portfolios from Eirgrid the system operator in Ireland being provided. Detailed market simulations were undertaken on the five possible generation portfolios to assess the impact of the Government targets for electric vehicles on the generation costs, emissions, generation stack and the cost to load of this additional demand. This paper also studied the impact between a standard and least cost electric vehicle loading regime to ascertain the benefits that could be achieved. The results show that gas will be the dominant source of electricity generation to load electric vehicles and that wind as an electricity source will experience a minor reduction in curtailment, with the least cost charging profile showing a more pronounced reduction. The capital benefits of the Standard and Least Cost EV load are found to be negligible. The portfolios studied generated CO2 emissions per kilometre between 52 and 70 gCO(2)/km. All portfolios with the exception of coal were found to comply with EU regulation 443/2009. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.