Amrubicin in previously treated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: A phase II study

Background The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of amrubicin for previously treated malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods The eligibility criteria were: previously treated unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma; performance status 0-1; age <= 75; adequate hematological, hepatic, and renal function. The patients were injected with 35 mg/m(2) amrubicin on days one, two, and three every 3-4 weeks. The planned number of patients was 32. Results The study was terminated due to delay in enrollment and 10 patients were subsequently enrolled (nine males and one female; median age 67 [range 49-73]), of which four had epithelioid tumors, three had sarcomatoid tumors and three had biphasic tumors, respectively. According to the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG), one, four, and four patients had stage II, III, and IV, respectively, and one had postoperative recurrence. There was one (10%) partial response, four (40%) had stable disease, and five (50%) patients exhibited disease progression. The overall response and disease control rates were 10% (95% CI: 0.3-44.5%) and 60% (95% CI: 26.2-87.8%), respectively. The median progression-free survival time was 1.6 months. The median overall survival time was 6.6 months, and the one-, two-, and three-year survival rates were 23%, 23%, and 0%, respectively. The observed grade 3 or 4 toxicities included neutropenia in six (60%) patients; leukopenia in five (50%) patients; and febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and pneumonia in one (10%) patient each. Conclusions There was not enough data to evaluate the efficacy because the study was terminated early. However, amrubicin showed limited activity and acceptable toxicities when used in previously treated malignant pleural mesothelioma patients.