The effects of word concreteness on cross-language neural pattern similarity during semantic categorization

Previous behavioral studies have suggested that word concreteness affects the similarity of semantic representations between native and second languages. However, it is unclear whether and how word concreteness influences the cross-language similarity in neural representations. In the present study, we quantified the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages by using representational similarity analysis, and examined the modulatory effect of word concreteness on cross-language similarity in neural representations. Twenty-six Chinese-English bilinguals performed a semantic decision task during fMRI scan. Results showed that concrete and abstract words elicited stronger activation in the right sensorimotor cortex for nonverbal processing and the left prefrontal cortex for verbal processing, respectively. Consistently, representational similarity analysis revealed that concrete and abstract words showed higher cross language neural pattern similarity in those brain regions for nonverbal and verbal processing, respectively. More importantly, we found that the left middle temporal gyrus contained item specific cross-language semantic representations for abstract words. These results suggest that word concreteness plays an important role in influencing cross-language similarity in neural representations.