Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden

被引:781
作者
Hotez, Peter J. [1 ,2 ]
Kamath, Aruna [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20052 USA
[2] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA
关键词
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEM; TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS; INTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS; HUMAN HOOKWORM INFECTIONS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; NECATOR-AMERICANUS; GLOBAL BURDEN; RISK-FACTORS; GENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most common conditions affecting the poorest 500 million people living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and together produce a burden of disease that may be equivalent to up to one-half of SSA's malaria disease burden and more than double that caused by tuberculosis. Approximately 85% of the NTD disease burden results from helminth infections. Hookworm infection occurs in almost half of SSA's poorest people, including 40-50 million school-aged children and 7 million pregnant women in whom it is a leading cause of anemia. Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent NTD after hookworm (192 million cases), accounting for 93% of the world's number of cases and possibly associated with increased horizontal transmission of HIV/AIDS. Lymphatic filariasis (46-51 million cases) and onchocerciasis (37 million cases) are also widespread in SSA, each disease representing a significant cause of disability and reduction in the region's agricultural productivity. There is a dearth of information on Africa's non-helminth NTDs. The protozoan infections, human African trypanosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis, affect almost 100,000 people, primarily in areas of conflict in SSA where they cause high mortality, and where trachoma is the most prevalent bacterial NTD (30 million cases). However, there are little or no data on some very important protozoan infections, e. g., amebiasis and toxoplasmosis; bacterial infections, e. g., typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis, the tick-borne bacterial zoonoses, and non-tuberculosis mycobaterial infections; and arboviral infections. Thus, the overall burden of Africa's NTDs may be severely underestimated. A full assessment is an important step for disease control priorities, particularly in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the greatest number of NTDs may occur.
引用
收藏
页数:10
相关论文
共 145 条
[1]  
Abunna F, 2007, East Afr J Public Health, V4, P73
[2]  
*AFR PROGR REV GRO, 2008, GLOB ALL EL LYMPH FI
[3]   Schistosoma mansoni in pregnancy and associations with anaemia in northwest Tanzania [J].
Ajanga, A ;
Lwambo, NJS ;
Blair, L ;
Nyandindi, U ;
Fenwick, A ;
Brooker, S .
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2006, 100 (01) :59-63
[4]   Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children [J].
Albonico, M ;
Stoltzfus, RJ ;
Savioli, L ;
Tielsch, JM ;
Chwaya, HM ;
Ercole, E ;
Cancrini, G .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1998, 27 (03) :530-537
[5]   Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy [J].
Albonico, Marco ;
Allen, Henrietta ;
Chitsulo, Lester ;
Engels, Dirk ;
Gabrielli, Albis-Francesco ;
Savioli, Lorenzo .
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 2008, 2 (03)
[6]   Active trachoma in children in central Ethiopia: association with altitude [J].
Alemayehu, W ;
Melese, M ;
Fredlander, E ;
Worku, A ;
Courtright, P .
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2005, 99 (11) :840-843
[7]   The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS:: the second 10 years [J].
Alvar, Jorge ;
Aparicio, Pilar ;
Aseffa, Abraham ;
Den Boer, Margriet ;
Canavate, Carmen ;
Dedet, Jean-Pierre ;
Gradoni, Luigi ;
Ter Horst, Rachel ;
Lopez-Velez, Rogelio ;
Moreno, Javier .
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, 2008, 21 (02) :334-+
[8]   Chemotherapy in the treatment and control of leishmaniasis [J].
Alvar, Jorge ;
Croft, Simon ;
Olliaro, Piero .
ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 61: CONTROL OF HUMAN PARASITIC DISEASES, 2006, 61 :223-+
[9]  
Amazigo U, 2006, DISEASE AND MORTALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, 2ND EDITION, P215
[10]  
Amogne Wondwossen, 2006, Ethiop Med J, V44, P113