Graft Copolymerization Onto Tamarind Kernel Powder: Ceric(IV)-initiated Graft Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile

Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) is derived from the seeds of Tamarindus indica Linn., a common and most important tree of India. It is extensively used in cotton sizing, as a wet-end additive in the paper industry, as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in the food industry. However, because of its fast biodegradability there is a need to prepare graft copolymers of TKP. The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto TKP with ceric ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator in an aqueous medium has been studied. The reaction conditions were optimized to afford maximum percent grafting and percentage grafting efficiency of AN onto TKP, which was found to be 86% and 64%, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum of the grafted products showed an additional sharp absorption band at 2244 cm(-1) due to -C equivalent to N stretching, thereby confirming the grafting of AN onto TKP. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated change in contour of the polysaccharide on grafting and the thick polymeric coating of AN on its surface along with grafting of AN such that all the gap between polysaccharide particles have been closed. Thermal studies using thermogravimetric and differential gravimetric analyses confirmed that TKP-g-AN has overall high thermal stability than pure TKP. Reaction mechanism of grafting of acrylnitrile onto TKP is also proposed. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 377-386, 2009