Fractional-Order PI Control of First Order Plants with Guaranteed Time Specifications

被引:5
作者
Castillo-Garcia, F. J. [1 ]
San Millan-Rodriguez, A. [2 ]
Feliu-Batlle, V. [2 ]
Sanchez-Rodriguez, L. [3 ]
机构
[1] Ayssel Mecatron, Poblete 13195, Ciudad Real, Spain
[2] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Elect Elect Control Engn & Commun, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
[3] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Sch Ind Engn, Toledo 45071, Spain
关键词
SYSTEMS; DESIGN;
D O I
10.1155/2013/197186
中图分类号
O29 [应用数学];
学科分类号
070104 ;
摘要
Cardiospheres (CSs) are self-assembling multicellular clusters from the cellular outgrowth from cardiac explants cultured in nonadhesive substrates. They contain a core of primitive, proliferating cells, and an outer layer of mesenchymal/stromal cells and differentiating cells that express cardiomyocyte proteins and connexin 43. Because CSs contain both primitive cells and committed progenitors for the three major cell types present in the heart, that is, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and because they are derived from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsies, they represent an attractive cell source for cardiac regeneration. In preclinical studies, CS-derived cells (CDCs) delivered to infarcted hearts resulted in improved cardiac function. CDCs have been tested safely in an initial phase-1 clinical trial in patients after myocardial infarction. Whether or not CDCs are superior to purified populations, for example, c-kit+ cardiac stem cells, or to gene therapy approaches for cardiac regeneration remains to be evaluated.
引用
收藏
页数:10
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