Phosphorus management for perennial crops in central Amazonian upland soils

被引:27
作者
Lehmann, J [1 ]
Cravo, MD
de Macêdo, JLV
Moreira, A
Schroth, G
机构
[1] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[2] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
[3] Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
[4] Natl Inst Res Amazon, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
关键词
acid soils; central Amazon; fertilization; fixation; phosphorus; tree crops;
D O I
10.1023/A:1013320721048
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
The present contribution discusses the soil P status of central Amazonian upland soils, the effects of tree crops on soil P availability and the factors controlling soil P cycling in land use systems with tree crops. Soil fertility management has to target the prevalent P deficiency by adequate P fertilization, especially in southern and northern municipalities of central Amazonia where the largest areas with severe P deficiency are found. P fixation to clay minerals is not a major obstacle for P management in the highly weathered upland soils of the central Amazon due to their low Al- and Fe-oxide contents. Low total soil P amounts are mainly responsible for low P availability. Tree crops are found to be especially suitable for land use under low-P-input conditions. Their large P return to soil by litterfall and pruning improves soil P availability. Additionally, litter quality affects P release and soil P availability. Both aspects, quantity and quality effects, are strongly dependent on tree species. Phosphorus sorption does not seem to be reduced by different litter types confirming earlier results that P fixation is not a major problem in central Amazonian upland soils. In conclusion, biological approaches are more important than physical approaches to improve soil P availability in central Amazonian Oxisols. With large P cycling through soil microbial biomass and between plant and soil, a higher availability of added P can be maintained and P applications only need to replenish P exports by harvest. Low P additions will improve productivity also for long-term uptake by trees. This is of high importance in regions with poor infrastructure and the lack of financial resources.
引用
收藏
页码:309 / 319
页数:11
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