Single- and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Operating in Continuous-Flow Mode at Steady State

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology for bioenergy generation and wastewater treatment. Various parameters affect the performance of dual-chamber MFCs, such as substrate flow rate and concentration. Performance can be assessed by power density (PD), current density (CD) production, or substrate removal efficiency (SRE). In this study, a mathematical model-based optimization was used to optimize the performance of an MFC using single- and multi-objective optimization (MOO) methods. Matlab's fmincon and fminimax functions were used to solve the nonlinear constrained equations for the single- and multi-objective optimization, respectively. The fminimax method minimizes the worst-case of the two conflicting objective functions. The single-objective optimization revealed that the maximumPD, CD,andSREwere 2.04 W/m(2), 11.08 A/m(2), and 73.6%, respectively. The substrate concentration and flow rate significantly impacted the performance of the MFC. Pareto-optimal solutions were generated using the weighted sum method for maximizing the two conflicting objectives ofPDandCDin addition toPDandSRE simultaneously. The fminimax method for maximizingPDandCDshowed that the compromise solution was to operate the MFC at maximumPDconditions. The model-based optimization proved to be a fast and low-cost optimization method for MFCs and it provided a better understanding of the factors affecting an MFC's performance. The MOO provided Pareto-optimal solutions with multiple choices for practical applications depending on the purpose of using the MFCs.