Alpha-Germanium Nanolayers for High-Performance Li-ion Batteries

The exfoliation of tridimensional crystal structures has recently been considered a new source of bidimensional materials. The new approach offers the possibility of dramatically enlarging the library of bidimensional materials, but the number of nanolayers produced so far is still limited. Here, we report for the first time the use of a new type of material, alpha-germanium nanolayers (2D alpha-Ge). The 2D alpha-Ge is obtained by exfoliating crystals of alpha-germanium in a simple one-step procedure assisted by wet ball-milling (gram-scale fabrication). The alpha-germanium nanolayers have been tested as anode material for high-performance LIBs. The results show excellent performance in semi-cell configuration with a high specific capacity of 1630 mAh g(-1) for mass loading of 1 mg cm(-2) at 0.1 C. The semi-cell was characterized by a constant current rate of 0.5 C during 400 cycles and different scan rates (0.1 C, 0.5 C, and 1 C). Interestingly, the structural characterization, including Raman spectroscopy, XRPD, and XPS, concludes that 2D alpha-Ge largely retains its crystallinity after continuous cycling. These results can be used to potentially apply these novel 2D germanium nanolayers to high-performance Li-ion batteries.