Physical drivers of the summer 2019 North Pacific marine heatwave

被引:240
作者
Amaya, Dillon J. [1 ,2 ]
Miller, Arthur J. [3 ]
Xie, Shang-Ping [3 ]
Kosaka, Yu [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[2] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[3] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
[4] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan
基金
日本科学技术振兴机构; 美国海洋和大气管理局; 美国国家科学基金会; 日本学术振兴会;
关键词
EL-NINO; IMPACTS; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; OSCILLATION; MECHANISM; MODELS;
D O I
10.1038/s41467-020-15820-w
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Summer 2019 observations show a rapid resurgence of the Blob-like warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that produced devastating marine impacts in the Northeast Pacific during winter 2013/2014. Unlike the original Blob, Blob 2.0 peaked in the summer, a season when little is known about the physical drivers of such events. We show that Blob 2.0 primarily results from a prolonged weakening of the North Pacific High-Pressure System. This reduces surface winds and decreases evaporative cooling and wind-driven upper ocean mixing. Warmer ocean conditions then reduce low-cloud fraction, reinforcing the marine heatwave through a positive low-cloud feedback. Using an atmospheric model forced with observed SSTs, we also find that remote SST forcing from the central equatorial and, surprisingly, the subtropical North Pacific Ocean contribute to the weakened North Pacific High. Our multi-faceted analysis sheds light on the physical drivers governing the intensity and longevity of summertime North Pacific marine heatwaves. Marine heatwaves are threatening ocean ecosystems with increasing frequency, but their seasonal drivers are unknown. Here, the authors determine that summertime blobs of warm temperature anomalies in the Pacific occur as a result of prolonged weakening in the North Pacific High-Pressure System.
引用
收藏
页数:9
相关论文
共 56 条
[1]  
Alexander MA, 1997, J CLIMATE, V10, P2963, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2963:SFVOTN>2.0.CO
[2]  
2
[3]  
ALEXANDER MA, 1995, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V25, P122, DOI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0122:AMFTRO>2.0.CO
[4]  
2
[5]  
Alexander M, 2010, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V189, P123, DOI 10.1029/2008GM000794
[6]  
Amaya D.J., 2016, US CLIVAR Variations, V14, P1
[7]   The Pacific Meridional Mode and ENSO: a Review [J].
Amaya, Dillon J. .
CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS, 2019, 5 (04) :296-307
[8]   The North Pacific Pacemaker Effect on Historical ENSO and Its Mechanisms [J].
Amaya, Dillon J. ;
Kosaka, Yu ;
Zhou, Wenyu ;
Zhang, Yu ;
Xie, Shang-Ping ;
Miller, Arthur J. .
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2019, 32 (22) :7643-7661
[9]  
Behringer D.W., 2004, 8 S INTEGRATED OBSER
[10]   Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific [J].
Bond, Nicholas A. ;
Cronin, Meghan F. ;
Freeland, Howard ;
Mantua, Nathan .
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2015, 42 (09) :3414-3420