HARPS-N radial velocities confirm the low densities of the Kepler-9 planets

被引：40

作者：

Borsato, L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Malavolta, L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Piotto, G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Buchhave, L. A. ^{[3
]}

Mortier, A. ^{[4
]}

Rice, K. ^{[5
,6
]}

Cameron, A. C. ^{[7
]}

Coffinet, A. ^{[8
]}

Sozzetti, A. ^{[9
]}

Charbonneau, D. ^{[10
]}

Cosentino, R. ^{[11
,12
]}

Dumusque, X. ^{[8
]}

Figueira, P. ^{[13
]}

Latham, D. W. ^{[10
]}

Lopez-Morales, M. ^{[10
]}

Mayor, M. ^{[8
]}

Micela, G. ^{[14
]}

Molinari, E. ^{[11
,15
]}

Pepe, F. ^{[8
]}

Phillips, D. ^{[10
]}

Poretti, E. ^{[11
,16
]}

Udry, S. ^{[8
]}

Watson, C. ^{[17
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[2] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[3] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

[4] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[5] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, SUPA, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[6] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, Peter Guthrie Tait Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

[8] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, 51 Ch Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[9] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, INAF, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

[10] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[11] Fdn Galileo Galilei, INAF, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, E-38712 Brena Baja, Spain

[12] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[13] ESO, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile

[14] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy

[15] Osservatorio Cagliari, INAF, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy

[16] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy

[17] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Univ Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2019年 / 484卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

techniques: radial velocities; techniques: spectroscopic; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual: Kepler-9; SUPER-EARTH; MASS; EFFICIENT; SYSTEM; STAR; EXOPLANETS; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stz181

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We investigated the discrepancy between planetary mass determinations using the transit timing variations (TTVs) and radial velocities (RVs), by analysing the multiplanet system Kepler-9. Despite being the first system characterized with TTVs, there are several discrepant solutions in the literature, with those reporting lower planetary densities being apparently in disagreement with high-precision RV observations. To resolve this, we gathered HARPS-N RVs at epochs that maximized the difference between the predicted RV curves from discrepant solutions in the literature. We also reanalysed the full Kepler data set and performed a dynamical fit, within a Bayesian framework, using the newly derived central and duration times of the transits. We compared these results with the RV data and found that our solution better describes the RV observations, despite the masses of the planets being nearly half that presented in the discovery paper. We therefore confirm that the TTV method can provide mass determinations that agree with those determined using high-precision RVs. The low densities of the planets place them in the scarcely populated region of the super-Neptunes/inflated sub-Saturns in the mass-radius diagram.

引用

页码：3233 / 3243

页数：11

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