Radiological characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease

Background: MOG antibody disease is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the presence of a serological antibody against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MRI is instrumental in distinguishing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from multiple sclerosis (MS), but MRI features of MOG disease appear to overlap with NMOSD and MS. Objectives: In this study we aim to characterize the radiological features of MOG antibody disease and compare the findings with those previously described. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 26 MOG positive patients. We aim to describe their brain, spinal and orbital MRI features and compare our findings with those previously reported in the literature. Results: The majority of the abnormal findings was located on orbital MRIs, with more involvement of the anterior structures and bilateral involvement of the optic nerves. Brain abnormalities were distinct from both NMOSD and MS lesions. Spinal cord was the least affected. Conclusions: This is a dedicated radiological study aiming to characterize the features of MOG antibody disease which might aid in the proper investigation of cases presenting with acquired demyelinating disorders.