THE (HIDDEN) COST OF EMPLOYER PARKING POLICIES

It has been argued that distortionary tax policies, which stipulate that employer parking is not taxed as a benefit in kind, as well as minimum parking requirements induce welfare losses. Using Dutch data, we show that current tax policies induce welfare losses of about 10% of employer parking resource costs. Hypothetical minimum parking requirements for employers, at levels currently applied in the United States, induce an additional deadweight loss of 18% of employer parking resource costs.