The Use of MIMS-MS-MS in Field Locations as an On-Line Quantitative Environmental Monitoring Technique for Trace Contaminants in Air and Water

Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is emerging as an important technique for on-line, real-time environmental monitoring. Because MIMS interfaces are simple and robust, they are ideally suited for operation in MS instrumentation used for infield applications. We report the use of an on-line permeation tube to continuously infuse an isotopically labeled internal standard for continuous quantitative determinations in atmospheric and aqueous samples without the need for off-line calibration. This approach also provides important information on the operational performance of the analytical system during multi-day deployments. We report measured signal stability during on-line deployments in air and water of 7% based on variation of the internal standard response and have used this technique to quantify BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzenes, and xylenes), pinenes, naphthalene and 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) in urban air plumes at parts-per-billion by volume levels. Presented are several recent applications of MIMS-MS-MS for on-line environmental monitoring in atmospheric and aqueous environmental samples demonstrating laboratory, remote and mobile deployments. We also present the use of a thermally assisted MIMS interface for the direct measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and other SVOCs in the low ppb range in aqueous environmental samples and discuss improvements in both the sensitivity and response times for selected SVOCs. The work presented in this paper represents significant improvements in field deployable mass spectrometric techniques, which can be applied to direct on-site analytical measurements of VOC and SVOCs in environmental samples.