The effect of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic field strength on porosity estimates determined from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

The presence of materials with high magnetic susceptibility are known to have an impact on H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and in laboratory data this often results in poor estimates of porosity from NMR data. To quantify and understand the cause of the poor NMR porosity estimations, in this laboratory study, we examine the effect of magnetic susceptibility, NMR measurement parameters, and NMR instrument design on NMR measurements. Data were collected with two instruments, each with a different Larmor frequency (2MHz and 485 kHz), on water-saturated unconsolidated sediments with magnetic susceptibility values ranging from 3.6 x 10(-6) to 7020 x 10(-6) SI. The results show that for materials with low magnetic susceptibility (<378 x 10(-6) SI), the gravimetric porosity is accurately predicted from the NMR measurements. For the samples with high magnetic susceptibility (>987 x 10(-6) SI) the gravimetric porosity is poorly predicted from the 2MHz NMR measurements made at all echo times (from 0.2 to 3.0 ms). In contrast, the gravimetric porosity is more accurately predicted at an echo time of 0.2 ms for measurements made using the 485 kHz instrument, although at larger echo times (>1.0 ms), the porosity estimate becomes poor. The 485 kHz NMR instrument has non-zero internal magnetic field gradients, similar to those found in borehole instruments, in contrast to the 2MHz NMR instrument, which has a homogeneous applied magnetic field. We conclude that differences is the magnetic field strength and higher magnetic field inhomogeneities in the 485 kHz NMR instrument contribute to a reduction of the impact of inhomogeneities in the magnetic field caused by materials with high magnetic susceptibility, allowing for improved porosity estimation. These results indicate that NMR measurements collected at short echo times in low, inhomogeneous static fields, e.g., borehole instruments, may provide accurate estimates of porosity in water saturated sediments, even in the presence of magnetic minerals. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.