Intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer

Currently bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) immunotherapy remains the most effective intravesical therapy for treatment and prophylaxis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, stage Ta, T1, and carcinoma in situ (CIS). It has been used successfully to reduce tumor recurrence rates and disease progression and to prolong survival. Recent evidence from a double-blind, controlled trial suggests that results of BCG therapy can be further improved by concomitant use of megadose vitamins. interferons, Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), and Photofrin Photodynamic Therapy are other alternatives for the management of TCC that are under investigation; the efficacy results are encouraging.