Aims This study was designed to evaluate the association between urban air pollutants and emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases. Methods and results Daily emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-9-CM, 430-437) to the National Taiwan University Hospital were regressed against daily concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O-3), and particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 mu m (PM10) from 12 April 1997 to 31 December 2002 in Taipei metropolitan areas by the Poisson regression models adjusting for meteorological conditions and temporal trends. Single-pollutant models showed O-3 lagged 0 day, CO lagged 2 days, and PM2.5 and PM10 lagged 3 days were significantly associated with increasing emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases and CO lagged 2 days was significantly associated with increasing emergency admissions for strokes (ICD-9-CM, 430-434). Such association remained significant for O-3, CO, and cerebrovascular admissions after adjusting for PM2.5 and PM10 in two-pollutant models. The odds ratios were 1.021-1.022 per 31.3 ppb O-3 and 1.023-1.031 per 0.8 ppm CO, respectively. However, only CO was significantly associated with emergency admissions for stroke in the three-pollutant models with CO, O-3, and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusion Emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases among adults were positively associated with increasing urban air pollution levels of O-3 lagged 0 day and CO lagged 2 days in Taipei.