We experimentally investigate the fundamental element of the level-k model of reasoning, the level-0 actions and beliefs. We use data from a novel experimental design that allows us to obtain incentivised written accounts of individuals' reasoning. In particular, these accounts allow to infer level-0 beliefs. Level-0 beliefs are not significantly different from 50, and almost 60% of higher level players start their reasoning from a level-0 belief of exactly 50. We also estimate that around one third of the participants play non-strategically. The non-strategic level-0 actions are not uniformly distributed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机构:
Univ Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USAUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Crawford, Vincent P.
;
Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.
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Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, ScotlandUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.
;
Iriberri, Nagore
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Univ Pompeu Fabra, Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, IKERBASQUE, Barcelona, Spain
Barcelona Grad Sch Econ, Barcelona, SpainUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
机构:
Univ Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USAUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Crawford, Vincent P.
;
Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, ScotlandUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.
;
Iriberri, Nagore
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, IKERBASQUE, Barcelona, Spain
Barcelona Grad Sch Econ, Barcelona, SpainUniv Oxford, All Souls Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England