Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Short Form of Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q-SF)

Purpose The Short Form version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q-SF) was designed to measure patients' subjective experience of enjoyment and satisfaction. However, it had not yet been validated for Chinese societies. This paper reports on the validation of the Chinese version of the Q-LES-Q-SF among primary care patients in Taiwan. The study included adult patients in primary care clinics. The participants completed the Q-LES-Q-SF, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Short Form Health Survey. After that, the trained researchers interviewed the patients using the mood module of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. A subsample of participants was reassessed with Q-LES-Q-SF within a 2-week interval. A total of 1,482 patients completed the Q-LES-Q-SF. The content validity was good, with no significant floor/ceiling effect. The internal consistency of the Q-LES-Q-SF proved to be substantial as well as the test-retest reliability. The factor structure was examined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA yielded a 2-factor structure, which was confirmed by a CFA with acceptable fit indices. Known-group validity of the Q-LES-Q-SF was satisfactory in distinguishing patients with and without depression, according to hierarchical regression analyses. Evidence of concurrent validity was provided for the Q-LES-Q-SF, and its two subscales identified significant correlations with other measures. The Chinese Q-LES-Q-SF was shown to have adequate validity and reliability. It may be a useful tool to measure patients' quality of life in Chinese societies.