Dextran and Polymer Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating Reduce Both 5 and 30 nm Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D Cell Culture

被引:239
作者
Yu, Miao [1 ]
Huang, Shaohui [2 ,3 ]
Yu, Kevin Jun [2 ,3 ]
Clyne, Alisa Morss [1 ]
机构
[1] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[2] Univ Penn, Inst Environm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[3] Univ Penn, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
endothelial cells; cytotoxicity; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; dextran; PEG; reactive oxygen species; 3D cell culture; PARTICLE-SIZE; MR LYMPHOGRAPHY; TOXICITY;
D O I
10.3390/ijms13055554
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical applications, yet questions remain regarding the effect of nanoparticle size and coating on nanoparticle cytotoxicity. In this study, porcine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to 5 and 30 nm diameter iron oxide nanoparticles coated with either the polysaccharide, dextran, or the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG). Nanoparticle uptake, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and cell morphology changes were measured. Endothelial cells took up nanoparticles of all sizes and coatings in a dose dependent manner, and intracellular nanoparticles remained clustered in cytoplasmic vacuoles. Bare nanoparticles in both sizes induced a more than 6 fold increase in cell death at the highest concentration (0.5 mg/mL) and led to significant cell elongation, whereas cell viability and morphology remained constant with coated nanoparticles. While bare 30 nm nanoparticles induced significant ROS formation, neither 5 nm nanoparticles (bare or coated) nor 30 nm coated nanoparticles changed ROS levels. Furthermore, nanoparticles were more toxic at lower concentrations when cells were cultured within 3D gels. These results indicate that both dextran and PEG coatings reduce nanoparticle cytotoxicity, however different mechanisms may be important for different size nanoparticles.
引用
收藏
页码:5554 / 5570
页数:17
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