Symptom and function heterogenicity among patients with distal esophageal spasm: Studies using combined impedance-manometry

BACKGROUND: Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal manometry (MII-EM) is a clinically available tool that assesses the functional defect of various manometric abnormalities. The aim of our study was to evaluate esophageal bolus transit in patients with manometrically defined distal esophageal spasm (DES). METHODS: Patients referred for esophageal function testing underwent combined MII-EM studies including 10 liquid and 10 viscous swallows. Individual swallows were classified using previously published manometric and impedance criteria. DES is traditionally defined as >= 20% simultaneous contractions in the distal esophagus. Diagnosis of esophageal transit abnormalities was defined by the presence of >= 30% incomplete liquid or >= 40% incomplete viscous swallows. RESULTS: Data from 71 patients (43 female, mean age 57 yr, range 16 - 85) with a manometric diagnosis of DES were analyzed. During liquid swallows, patients with chest pain had higher (p < 0.05) distal esophageal amplitudes (202.3 +/- 34.5 mmHg) and a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of swallows with complete bolus transit (89% +/- 3%) compared to patients presenting with dysphagia (amplitude 117.8 +/- 8.7 mmHg; percentage of complete transit 69% +/- 5%) and patients with reflux symptoms (amplitude 116.4 +/- 12.7 mmHg; percentage of complete transit 74% +/- 5%). Fifty-one percent of the DES patients had a normal bolus transit for liquid and viscous, 24% abnormal bolus transit for one substance, and 25% abnormal bolus transit for liquid and viscous. CONCLUSION: Pressure and bolus transit information in patients with manometrically defined DES points toward heterogenicity of this group of patients. Outcomes data are warranted to evaluate whether stratifying DES patients based on pressure and bolus transit information may improve the clinical approach.