The water source is playing an important part in the social and economic development of the cities along the Yellow River; hence the protection of the water source is drawing high attention of the related departments all the more. The contamination of the surface - water along the yellow River valley tends to be serious I which will directly low the water quality of the urban surface - water - source. This thesis, on the basis of evaluation on the surface - water quality of the comprehensively - planned water - resource along the Yellow River Valley, analyzed the water quality of the dense drinking water sources along the Yellow River and other northwestern inland rivers, studied the main problems existed in the protection of the water source and the measures should be taken.