Characteristics of Oil and Skim in Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soybeans

被引：38
作者：
Bell, J. M. L. N. de Moura [1 ]
Maurer, D. [2 ]
Yao, L. [2 ]
Wang, T. [1 ,2 ]
Jung, S. [2 ]
Johnson, L. A. [2 ]
机构：
[1] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA
[2] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA
来源：
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY | 2013年 / 90卷 / 07期
关键词：
Soybeans; Aqueous extraction; Carbohydrate; Soybeans phospholipids profile; Pilot-plant processing; Oil quality;
D O I：
10.1007/s11746-013-2248-6
中图分类号：
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号：
081704 ;
摘要：
The economic viability of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of soybeans depends on properties and potential applications of all fractions (skim and insolubles as well as oil). EAEP oil contained lower free fatty acid, phosphorus, and tocopherol contents, similar unsaponifiable matter levels, and higher degrees of oxidation (peroxide and p-anisidine values) than hexane-extracted oil. The phospholipid profile of EAEP fractions was mainly composed of phosphatidic acid, followed by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Most of phospholipids were present in the skim, except for phosphatidic acid, which was the major phospholipid in the cream fraction. Skim and cream contained 55 and 3 % of the soluble carbohydrates in the original extruded flakes, respectively. Soluble carbohydrates of the skim were mainly composed of stachyose (5.8 +/- A 0.8 mg/mL) and sucrose (9.9 +/- A 0.8 mg/mL), which were hydrolyzed into glucose, galactose, and fructose after addition of alpha-galactosidase. Skim and cream peptides contained < 20 kDa MW molecules. About 71 % of the skim peptides were < 20 kDa MW, with 49 % being < 1.35 kDa MW, 22 % being 17-1.35 kDa MW, and 29 % being 44-670 kDa MW. Skim protein and carbohydrate contents make this fraction suitable for replacing water in ethanol fermentations, thereby improving the fermentation rate/production and the nutritional quality of distiller's dried grains with solubles.
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页码：1079 / 1088
页数：10
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