Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ticks, ticks parasitizing rodents and the parasitized rodents - Analyzing the host-pathogen-vector interface in a metropolitan area

被引:97
作者
Silaghi, Cornelia [1 ]
Woll, Dietlinde [2 ]
Hamel, Dietmar
Pfister, Kurt
Mahling, Monia [1 ]
Pfeffer, Martin [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Munich, Dept Stat, Stat Consulting Unit, Munich, Germany
[2] Univ Leipzig, Inst Anim Hyg & Vet Publ Hlth, Leipzig, Germany
来源
PARASITES & VECTORS | 2012年 / 5卷
关键词
Babesia spp; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes ricinus; Dermacentor reticulatus; Bank vole; Yellow-necked mouse; Recreational area; Host survey; Vector-host relation; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BAVARIAN PUBLIC PARKS; DERMACENTOR-RETICULATUS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BORNE PATHOGENS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MICROTI INFECTION;
D O I
10.1186/1756-3305-5-191
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ; 100103 ;
摘要
Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the host-tick-pathogen interface of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in restored areas in both questing and host-attached Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus and their small mammalian hosts. Methods: Questing ticks were collected from 5 sites within the city of Leipzig, Germany, in 2009. Small mammals were trapped at 3 of the 5 sites during 2010 and 2011. DNA extracts of questing and host-attached I. ricinus and D. reticulatus and of several tissue types of small mammals (the majority bank voles and yellow-necked mice), were investigated by PCR followed by sequencing for the occurrence of DNA of Babesia spp. and by real-time PCR for A. phagocytophilum. A selected number of samples positive for A. phagocytophilum were further investigated for variants of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Co-infection with Rickettsia spp. in the questing ticks was additionally investigated. Results: 4.1% of questing I. ricinus ticks, but no D. reticulatus, were positive for Babesia sp. and 8.7% of I. ricinus for A. phagocytophilum. Sequencing revealed B. microti, B. capreoli and Babesia spp. EU1 in Leipzig and sequence analysis of the partial 16S RNA gene of A. phagocytophilum revealed variants either rarely reported in human cases or associated with cervid hosts. The statistical analysis revealed significantly less ticks infected with A. phagocytophilum in a city park in Leipzig as compared to the other sampling sites. A. phagocytophilum-DNA was detected in 2 bank voles, DNA of B. microti in 1 striped field-mouse and of Babesia sp. EU1 in the skin tissue of a mole. Co-infections were detected. Conclusion: Our results show the involvement of small mammals in the natural endemic cycles of tick-borne pathogens. A more thorough understanding of the interactions of ticks, pathogens and hosts is the essential basis for effective preventive control measures.
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