Investigating Cardiovascular Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors target the proximal tubule where the SGLT2 receptor is located. By blocking the receptor, glucose is forced out of the body through the urine and can no longer reabsorb into the body. In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitors have been seen to be effective in decreasing overall morbidity and mortality. Although the direct mechanism for how SGLT2 inhibitors work to help cardiovascular diseases is unknown, the benefits are shown in the data. SGLT2 inhibitors were originally approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes; however, some are now approved to reduce the risk of end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization. Most common side effects experienced include vulvovaginal candidiasis in women and urinary tract infections.