Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression in Indonesian Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Objectives. This research aimed to determine the association between hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) expression and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma clinical stage. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue from 47 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients from 2011 to 2014. HIF-1 alpha expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-HIF-1 alpha mouse monoclonal antibody. The association between HIF-1 alpha expression and clinical stage was analyzed using the chi square test. Results. The glottis was the predominant site of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma occurrence, and 43/47 (91.5%) patients presented at an advanced stage. Of the advanced stage patients, 27/43 stained positive for HIF-1 alpha expression and 16/43 stained negative. Of the early stage patients, 2/4 stained positive for HIF-1 alpha expression and 2/4 stained negative. Statistical analysis did not demonstrate significant association of HIF-1 alpha expression. Conclusion. There was no statistically significant association between HIF-1 alpha expression and the clinical stage or histological differentiation of LSCC.