The numerical sandbox: Comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment

被引:140
作者
Buiter, Susanne J. H. [1 ]
Babeyko, Andrey Yu. [2 ]
Ellis, Susan [3 ]
Gerya, Taras V. [4 ]
Kaus, Boris J. P. [5 ]
Kellner, Antje [2 ]
Schreurs, Guido [6 ]
Yamada, Yasuhiro [7 ]
机构
[1] Geol Survey Norway, Ctr Geodynam, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
[2] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
[3] Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
[4] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
[5] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
[6] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[7] Kyoto Univ, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Kyoto 6065801, Japan
来源
ANALOGUE AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CRUSTAL-SCALE PROCESSES | 2006年 / 253卷
关键词
D O I
10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.02
中图分类号
P5 [地质学];
学科分类号
0709 ; 081803 ;
摘要
We report results of a study comparing numerical models of sandbox-type experiments. Two experimental designs were examined: (1) A brittle shortening experiment in which a thrust wedge is built in material of alternating frictional strength; and (2) an extension experiment in which a weak, basal viscous layer affects normal fault localization and propagation in overlying brittle materials. Eight different numerical codes, both commercial and academic, were tested against each other. Our results show that: (1) The overall evolution of all numerical codes is broadly similar. (2) Shortening is accommodated by in-sequence forward propagation of thrusts. The surface slope of the thrust wedge is within the stable field predicted by critical taper theory. (3) Details of thrust spacing, dip angle and number of thrusts vary between different codes for the shortening experiment. (4) Shear zones initiate at the velocity discontinuity in the extension experiment. The asymmetric evolution of the models is similar for all numerical codes. (5) Resolution affects strain localization and the number of shear zones that develop in strain-softening brittle material. (6) The variability between numerical codes is greater for the shortening than the extension experiment. Comparison to equivalent analogue experiments shows that the overall dynamic evolution of the numerical and analogue models is similar, in spite of the difficulty of achieving an exact representation of the analogue conditions with a numerical model. We find that the degree of variability between individual numerical results is about the same as between individual analogue models. Differences among and between numerical and analogue results are found in predictions of location, spacing and dip angle of shear zones. Our results show that numerical models using different solution techniques can to first order successfully reproduce structures observed in analogue sandbox experiments. The comparisons serve to highlight robust features in tectonic modelling of thrust wedges and brittle-viscous extension.
引用
收藏
页码:29 / +
页数:4
相关论文
共 54 条
[1]   Shear localisation and strain distribution during tectonic faulting - new insights from granular-flow experiments and high-resolution optical image correlation techniques [J].
Adam, J ;
Urai, JL ;
Wieneke, B ;
Oncken, O ;
Pfeiffer, K ;
Kukowski, N ;
Lohrmann, J ;
Hoth, S ;
van der Zee, W ;
Schmatz, J .
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, 2005, 27 (02) :283-301
[2]   Numerical models of crustal scale convection and partial melting beneath the Altiplano-Puna plateau [J].
Babeyko, AY ;
Sobolev, SV ;
Trumbull, RB ;
Oncken, O ;
Lavier, LL .
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 2002, 199 (3-4) :373-388
[3]   Effect of ductile and frictional decollements on style of extension [J].
Bahroudi, A ;
Koyi, HA ;
Talbot, CJ .
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, 2003, 25 (09) :1401-1423
[4]   A continuum mechanics model for normal faulting using a strain-rate softening rheology: implications for thermal and rheological controls on continental and oceanic rifting [J].
Behn, MD ;
Lin, J ;
Zuber, MT .
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 2002, 202 (3-4) :725-740
[5]   A BENCHMARK COMPARISON FOR MANTLE CONVECTION CODES [J].
BLANKENBACH, B ;
BUSSE, F ;
CHRISTENSEN, U ;
CSEREPES, L ;
GUNKEL, D ;
HANSEN, U ;
HARDER, H ;
JARVIS, G ;
KOCH, M ;
MARQUART, G ;
MOORE, D ;
OLSON, P ;
SCHMELING, H ;
SCHNAUBELT, T .
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 1989, 98 (01) :23-38
[6]   Numerical models of the evolution of accretionary wedges and fold-and-thrust belts using the distinct-element method [J].
Burbidge, DR ;
Braun, J .
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 2002, 148 (03) :542-561
[7]   The role of viscous heating in Barrovian metamorphism of collisional orogens: thermomechanical models and application to the Lepontine Dome in the Central Alps [J].
Burg, JP ;
Gerya, TV .
JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, 2005, 23 (02) :75-95
[8]   Surface topography and internal strain variation in wide hot orogens from three-dimensional analogue and two-dimensional numerical vice models [J].
Cruden, Alexander R. ;
Nasseri, Mohammad H. B. ;
Pysklywec, Russell .
ANALOGUE AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CRUSTAL-SCALE PROCESSES, 2006, 253 :79-104
[9]  
CUNDALL P, 1988, NUMER METHODS GEOMEC, V6, P2101
[10]  
CUNDALL PA, 1990, MECHANICS OF JOINTED AND FAULTED ROCK, P11