The traceability of egg quality is related to the safety of the egg food, the traditional identification method is to use the egg quality parameters, and the operation process is too complicated. Hyperspectral characteristics reflect material properties, and each material has its own spectral characteristic curve, which is a very important feature for material classification and identification. In this paper, the spectral characteristic data of eggs was obtained by the spectrometers and the hyperspectral imaging instrument, respectively. After processing and analyzing, a nondestructive testing method of egg quality based on hyperspectral characteristics was proposed. The testing results are analyzed in depth, and some very useful conclusions are obtained.