Due to the high incidence of breast cancer among US females, risk-reduction strategies are essential. Before considering approaches to breast cancer risk reduction, it is important for clinicians to complete individualized qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk for their patients in order to inform physicians' clinical decision making and management and to engage patients collaboratively in a thorough discussion of risks and benefits. This review will summarize information on potential pharmacologic, nutritional, surgical, and behavioral approaches to reducing breast cancer risk. While there is no clear evidence that specific dietary components can effectively reduce breast cancer risk, weight gain and obesity in adulthood are risk factors for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer Alcohol consumption, even at moderate levels, increases breast cancer risk, although some of the detrimental effects may be reduced by sufficient folate intake. Women at increased risk of breast cancer can opt to reduce their breast cancer risk through the use of tamoxifen or raloxifene; other chemopreventive agents remain under investigation. Surgical approaches to risk reductions are restricted to those patients with a substantially increased risk of developing breast cancer. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle for their overall well-being and to remain up to date with recommendations for screening and surveillance. (CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:347-371.) (C) American Cancer Society, Inc., 2008.
机构:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Rutgers Canc Inst New Jersey, Rutgers Canc Prevent & Control, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Northwell Hlth Canc Inst, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
O'Malley, Denalee M.
Alfano, Catherine M.
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Alfano, Catherine M.
Doose, Michelle
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NCI, Hlth Syst & Intervent Res Branch, Healthcare Delivery Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Doose, Michelle
Kinney, Anita Y.
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Rutgers Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Piscataway, NJ USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Kinney, Anita Y.
Lee, Simon J. Craddock
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UT Southwestern, Dept Populat & Data Sci, Harold C Simmons Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Lee, Simon J. Craddock
Nekhlyudov, Larissa
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Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Primary Care Med Associates, Boston, MA 02115 USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Nekhlyudov, Larissa
Duberstein, Paul
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机构:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Rutgers Canc Inst New Jersey, Rutgers Canc Prevent & Control, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Rutgers Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav Soc & Policy, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Duberstein, Paul
Hudson, Shawna, V
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Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Rutgers Canc Inst New Jersey, Rutgers Canc Prevent & Control, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
Northwell Hlth Canc Inst, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA
Rutgers Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav Soc & Policy, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USARutgers Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
机构:
Columbia Univ, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, Community Advisory Board, New York, NY 10032 USAColumbia Univ, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, Community Advisory Board, New York, NY 10032 USA
Walker, Desiree A. H.
Terry, Mary Beth
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Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 722 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, 1130 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032 USAColumbia Univ, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, Community Advisory Board, New York, NY 10032 USA
机构:
Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USAMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
Gaffney, Christopher D.
Katims, Andrew
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Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USAMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
Katims, Andrew
D'Souza, Neeta
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Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USAMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
D'Souza, Neeta
Bjurlin, Marc A.
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Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Urol, Chapel Hill, NC USA
Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USAMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
Bjurlin, Marc A.
Matulewicz, Richard S.
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Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USAMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, New York, NY USA
机构:
Univ S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
NHS Fdn Trust, The Christie, Manchester M20 2QJ, Lancs, England
Univ Manchester, Inst Canc Sci, Breakthrough Breast Canc Res Unit, Manchester M20 2QJ, Lancs, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Howell, Anthony
Anderson, Annie S.
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机构:
Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Div Canc Res, Ctr Publ Hlth Nutr Res, Dundee DD1 9SY, ScotlandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Anderson, Annie S.
Clarke, Robert B.
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Univ Manchester, Inst Canc Sci, Breakthrough Breast Canc Res Unit, Manchester M20 2QJ, Lancs, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Clarke, Robert B.
Duffy, Stephen W.
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Queen Mary Univ London, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Ctr Canc Prevent, London EC1M 6BQ, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Duffy, Stephen W.
Evans, D. Gareth
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Univ S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
NHS Fdn Trust, The Christie, Manchester M20 2QJ, Lancs, England
Univ Manchester, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Cent Manchester Fdn Trust, St Marys Hosp,Manchester Ctr Genom Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Evans, D. Gareth
Garcia-Closas, Montserat
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Inst Canc Res, Div Genet & Epidemiol, London SM2 5NG, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Garcia-Closas, Montserat
Gescher, Andy J.
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Univ Leicester, Dept Canc Studies & Mol Med, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Gescher, Andy J.
Key, Timothy J.
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Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX3 7LF, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Key, Timothy J.
Saxton, John M.
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Univ E Anglia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Sch Hlth Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
Saxton, John M.
Harvie, Michelle N.
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Univ S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England
NHS Fdn Trust, The Christie, Manchester M20 2QJ, Lancs, EnglandUniv S Manchester Hosp, Genesis Breast Canc Prevent Ctr, Southmoor Rd, Manchester M29 9LT, Lancs, England