A comparison of three algorithms for tracing nonlinear equilibrium paths of structural systems

The relative efficiencies of the Riks/Wempner, Crisfield, and normal flow solution algorithms for tracking nonlinear equilibrium paths of structural systems are compared. It is argued that the normal flow algorithm may be both more computationally efficient and more robust compared to the other two algorithms when tracing the path through severe nonlinearities such as those associated with structural collapse. This is demonstrated qualitatively by comparing the relative behaviors of each algorithm in the vicinity of a severe nonlinearity. Quantitative results are presented for the collapse a blade stiffened panel. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.