Recent advances in germanium emission [Invited]

被引:77
作者
Boucaud, P. [1 ]
El Kurdi, M. [1 ]
Ghrib, A. [1 ]
Prost, M. [1 ,2 ]
de Kersauson, M. [1 ]
Sauvage, S. [1 ]
Aniel, F. [1 ]
Checoury, X. [1 ]
Beaudoin, G. [3 ]
Largeau, L. [3 ]
Sagnes, I. [3 ]
Ndong, G. [4 ]
Chaigneau, M. [4 ]
Ossikovski, R. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France
[2] STMicroelectronics, F-38920 Crolles, France
[3] CNRS, Lab Photon & Nanostruct, UPR 20, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
[4] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
关键词
OPTICAL GAIN; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; THEORETICAL-MODEL; CARRIER LIFETIME; BAND-STRUCTURE; GE; SILICON; SI; RECOMBINATION; DEPENDENCE;
D O I
10.1364/PRJ.1.000102
中图分类号
O43 [光学];
学科分类号
070207 ; 0803 ;
摘要
The optical properties of germanium can be tailored by combining strain engineering and n-type doping. In this paper, we review the recent progress that has been reported in the study of germanium light emitters for silicon photonics. We discuss the different approaches that were implemented for strain engineering and the issues associated with n-type doping. We show that compact germanium emitters can be obtained by processing germanium into tensile-strained microdisks. (C) 2013 Chinese Laser Press
引用
收藏
页码:102 / 109
页数:8
相关论文
共 64 条
[1]   Growth of highly tensile-strained Ge on relaxed InxGa1-xAs by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition [J].
Bai, Yu ;
Lee, Kenneth E. ;
Cheng, Chengwei ;
Lee, Minjoo L. ;
Fitzgerald, Eugene A. .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2008, 104 (08)
[2]   Light emission from strained germanium [J].
Boucaud, P. ;
El Kurdi, M. ;
Sauvage, S. ;
de Kersauson, M. ;
Ghriband, A. ;
Checoury, X. .
NATURE PHOTONICS, 2013, 7 (03) :162-162
[3]   Tensilely Strained Germanium Nanomembranes as Infrared Optical Gain Media [J].
Boztug, C. ;
Sanchez-Perez, J. R. ;
Sudradjat, F. F. ;
Jacobson, R. B. ;
Paskiewicz, D. M. ;
Lagally, M. G. ;
Paiella, R. .
SMALL, 2013, 9 (04) :622-630
[4]   An electrically pumped germanium laser [J].
Camacho-Aguilera, Rodolfo E. ;
Cai, Yan ;
Patel, Neil ;
Bessette, Jonathan T. ;
Romagnoli, Marco ;
Kimerling, Lionel C. ;
Michel, Jurgen .
OPTICS EXPRESS, 2012, 20 (10) :11316-11320
[5]   Strain analysis in SiN/Ge microstructures obtained via Si-complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible approach [J].
Capellini, G. ;
Kozlowski, G. ;
Yamamoto, Y. ;
Lisker, M. ;
Wenger, C. ;
Niu, G. ;
Zaumseil, P. ;
Tillack, B. ;
Ghrib, A. ;
de Kersauson, M. ;
El Kurdi, M. ;
Boucaud, P. ;
Schroeder, T. .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2013, 113 (01)
[6]   Direct-Gap Gain and Optical Absorption in Germanium Correlated to the Density of Photoexcited Carriers, Doping, and Strain [J].
Carroll, Lee ;
Friedli, Peter ;
Neuenschwander, Stefan ;
Sigg, Hans ;
Cecchi, Stefano ;
Isa, Fabio ;
Chrastina, Daniel ;
Isella, Giovanni ;
Fedoryshyn, Yuriy ;
Faist, Jerome .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2012, 109 (05)
[7]   Optical gain of germanium infrared lasers on different crystal orientations [J].
Chang, Guo-En ;
Cheng, Henry H. .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, 2013, 46 (06)
[8]   Theory of optical gain of Ge-SixGeySn1-x-y quantum-well lasers [J].
Chang, Shu-Wei ;
Chuang, Shun Lien .
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 2007, 43 (3-4) :249-256
[9]   Cavity-enhanced direct band electroluminescence near 1550 nm from germanium microdisk resonator diode on silicon [J].
Cheng, Szu-Lin ;
Shambat, Gary ;
Lu, Jesse ;
Yu, Hyun-Yong ;
Saraswat, Krishna ;
Kamins, Theodore I. ;
Vuckovic, Jelena ;
Nishi, Yoshio .
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2011, 98 (21)
[10]  
Cheng Szu-Lin, 2009, Opt Express, V17, P10019