Carotid disease in acute ischemic stroke patients of northern Israel

Background - Carotid disease complicated by thrombosis or embolism is a frequent cause of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with carotid disease in patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke in northern Israel. Methods - Participants were 1378 acute ischemic stroke patients, including 671 patients with and 707 patients without carotid plaques, as defined by cervical ultrasound. Results - Logistic regression analysis of possible predictors revealed that age, male gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were independent predictors for the presence of carotid plaque. Male gender was independently associated with the increased prevalence of carotid stenosis of 50% or more, as well as with symptomatic carotid plaques. Age was found to be the only independent factor influencing the extent (bilateral vs unilateral) of carotid disease among acute ischemic stroke patients in northern Israel. Although ethnicity was initially found to have an influence on the prevalence of carotid plaques (higher among Jews than Arabs), no such influence was found after logistic regression. Conclusion - Our findings emphasize that demographic characteristics (age, gender) and vascular risk factors (diabetes, smoking and hyperlipidemia) rather than ethnic disparities are important determinants of carotid disease in acute ischemic stroke patients in northern Israel.