Multi-Scanning Droplet Cell Microscopy (multi-SDCM) for truly parallel high throughput electrochemical experimentation

3D printing was used to realise an 8 channel measuring head that is supplying individual droplets onto a surface of interest. Each of these droplets is individually addressed using separate counter and reference electrodes and can thus be operated completely independent. In this way 8 independent electrochemical experiments can be performed simultaneously using a multichannel potentiostat, alternatively time critical measurements such as extensive potential or current transients can be probed using a quasi simultaneously time slice approach. Even low frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be parallelised. The performance is illustrated by local anodic oxidation of industrial grade titanium sheets which allows a visual inspection of the differently coloured oxide spots formed at voltages ranging from 11-18 V. The reproducibility is confirmed both within the individual channels and for multiple anodisation positions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.