Optimization of the TEGs Configuration (Series/Parallel) in Energy Harvesting Systems with Low-Voltage Thermoelectric Generators Connected to Ultra-Low Voltage DC-DC Converters

被引:15
|
作者
Morais, Flavio [1 ]
Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro [2 ]
Duarte, Luis [2 ]
Spengler, Anderson [3 ]
de Paiva, Kleber [3 ]
Martins, Thiago [3 ]
Cabot, Andreu [4 ,5 ]
Dias, Jose Siqueira [6 ]
机构
[1] Sao Paulo State Univ Julio de Mesquita, Fac Sci & Engn, BR-17602496 Tupa, SP, Brazil
[2] Univ Tecnol Fed Parana UTFPR, Dept Elect Engn, DAELE, BR-86300000 Cornelio Procopio, PR, Brazil
[3] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Mobil Engn, BR-89219600 Joinville, SC, Brazil
[4] Catalonia Inst Energy Res, IREC, Barcelona 08930, Spain
[5] ICREA, Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain
[6] Univ Estadual Campinas, DSIF FEEC, Dept Semicond Instrumentat & Photon, BR-13083852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
关键词
energy harvesting; thermoelectric generators; energy measurement; series and parallel TEGs ensemble; ultra-low voltage DC-DC converters;
D O I
10.3390/en13092297
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Solar radiation and human activity generate ubiquitous temperature gradients that could be harvested by thermoelectric generators (TEGs). However, most of these temperature gradients are in the range of very few degrees and, while TEGs are able to harvest them, the resulting output voltages are extremely small (a few hundreds of mV), and DC-DC converters are necessary to boost them to usable levels. Impedance matching between TEGs and DC-DC converter plays a fundamental role in the energy harvesting efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to determine the output power of the system in different configurations, in order to decide on the optimum TEG connection. Here, we present an electronic circuit to measure the maximum power that can be harvested with low-voltage TEGs connected to a DC-DC converter. The developed circuit is an electronic controlled load that drains the maximum current from the output of the DC-DC converter while maintaining its output voltage at the maximum allowed value. Using a mechanical set-up able to apply precise low temperature gradients between the hot and cold side of the TEGs, experimental data using different configurations of TEGs are obtained. The measured results show that, for ultra-low voltages, the TEG ensemble's output impedance plays an important role not only in the amount of the energy scavenged, but also in the onset temperature of the energy harvesting.
引用
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页数:12
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