Climate Change Adaptation and Restoration of Western Trout Streams: Opportunities and Strategies

被引:33
作者
Williams, Jack E. [1 ]
Neville, Helen M. [2 ]
Haak, Amy L. [2 ]
Colyer, Warren T. [3 ]
Wenger, Seth J. [4 ]
Bradshaw, Stan [5 ]
机构
[1] Trout Unltd, Medford, OR 97501 USA
[2] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID USA
[3] Trout Unltd, Missoula, MT USA
[4] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[5] Trout Unltd, Helena, MT USA
关键词
BULL TROUT; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; RISK; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; WILDFIRE; FUTURE;
D O I
10.1080/03632415.2015.1049692
中图分类号
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号
0908 ;
摘要
Climate change is contributing to the severity and rate of stream degradation by changing the timing of peak flows, altering flow regimes, creating more frequent and intense disturbances, and increasing stream temperatures. Herein we describe three case studies of trout stream adaptation that address existing and climate-driven causes of degradation through habitat restoration. The case studies vary in geography and complexity, but all include restoration efforts intended to address multiple causes of stream degradation and improve the resilience of these streams to floods, droughts, and wildfires. Four elements of successful climate adaptation projects emerge: (1) habitat assessments that help drive project location and design, (2) projects that directly address climate change impacts and increase habitat resilience, (3) projects that combine to achieve watershed-scale impacts, and (4) projects that include sufficient monitoring to determine their effectiveness. We describe solutions to common challenges in conducting climate change adaptation, including how to balance scientific assessments with opportunities when choosing projects, how smaller projects can be aggregated to achieve watershed-scale benefits, and how citizen science efforts can augment monitoring programs. El cambio climatico esta contribuyendo a incrementar la severidad y la tasa de degradacion de los rios a traves de la alteracion en la estacionalidad del flujo maximo, modificacion del regimen de flujos, generacion de perturbaciones mas frecuentes e intensas e incremento de la temperatura de los rios. Aqui se describen tres casos de estudio de la adaptacion de rios en donde habita la trucha, en los que se abordan las causas de la degradacion que son provocadas por el cambio climatico, mediante la restauracion del habitat. Los casos de estudio varian en cuanto a ubicacion geografica y complejidad, pero en todos se contemplan esfuerzos de restauracion enfocados a abordar multiples causas de degradacion de rios y mejoramiento de la resiliencia de estos ante inundaciones, sequias e incendios naturales. Se consideraron cuatro elementos para lograr una adaptacion exitosa al cambio climatico: 1) evaluaciones del habitat que ayuden a disenar y establecer donde llevar a cabo los proyectos; 2) proyectos que aborden directamente los impactos del cambio climatico y el incremento en la resiliencia del habitat; 3) proyectos que, al combinarse, logren resultados a nivel de cuenca hidrologica; y 4) proyectos que incluyan un monitoreo suficiente como para que se pueda determinar su efectividad. Tambien se describen soluciones a los clasicos retos que implica la adaptacion al cambio climatico, incluyendo como encontrar un balance entre evaluaciones cientificas y eleccion de proyectos, como se pueden integrar varios proyectos pequenos para conseguir beneficios a escala de cuenca y como se puede incrementar el monitoreo mediante esfuerzos ciudadanos.
引用
收藏
页码:304 / 317
页数:14
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