Health risk by toxic substances in freshwater of Tres Arroyos, Argentina

Toxic substances (heavy metals, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, phenolic substances and organochlorine pesticides) were detected in Tres Arroyos county freshwaters (Buenos Aires province, Argentina). The aim of this study was estimate the human health risk (HR) associated with these substances during recreational bathing. The probabilistic HR assessment was based on aggregated and cumulative USEPA models. Cancer (CE) and non-cancer (NCE) risk were estimated for accidental drinking and dermal contact during the recreational activity. The exposure scenario considered was based on own and literature data, and a ten year-old child was selected as representative of the exposed population. The results indicated that surveyed substances do not generate any health risk for recreational bathing with direct contact at the specified concentrations and exposure conditions. Claromeco creek station was the riskiest point of whole water bodies, but it reaches only 20% of the limitating value. Metals were the major contributors to overall aggregated and cumulative risk (82% for NCE and 99% for CE), followed by inorganic substances. Arsenic was the most dangerous metal, responsible for the 78 and 99% of the aggregate and cumulative risks for all substances for NCE and CE, respectively.