Social aspects of life in patients with functional (psychogenic nonepileptic) seizures: An international study

Purpose: To explore various social aspects of life (i.e., employment, education, and driving) in a large sample of patients with functional seizures (FS) living in seven countries from four continents. Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated adult patients with FS, who were admitted to the epilepsy monitoring units at centers in Iran, Qatar, USA, France, Georgia, Egypt, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). We studied the social aspects of life in the whole cohort. Then, we compared the social aspects of life between different world regions. Results: Four hundred and forty patients were included (241 from Iran, 56 from Qatar, 52 from France, 41 from the USA, 19 from UAE, 18 from Egypt, and 13 from Georgia). One hundred and twenty six people (30%) had college education, 142 (33%) were employed, and 101 (28%) drove a motor vehicle in their routine daily lives. People with FS and college education were more likely to report a history of sexual abuse compared with those with a lower education. Patients with no loss of responsiveness with their FS were more likely to be employed. Male patients and patients without aura were more likely to drive a motor vehicle in their routine daily lives. None of the social characteristics of the patients with FS showed significant differences among the two large culturally different groups (Muslim nations vs. Christian nations). Conclusion: It appears that patients with FS across cultures have significant problems in their social aspects of life. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.