Improvement of frozen banana (Musa cavendishii, cv Enana) colour by blanching: Relationship between browning, phenols and polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities

Browning in banana (Musa cavendishii, cv. Enana) processed products is a result of phenol oxidation catalysed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) or of other non-enzymatic reactions (Maillard and Strecker mechanisms). Microwave and steam blanching significantly reduced PPO and POD activities and phenol levels in banana flesh, steam blanching being the most effective method for enzyme inactivation. Freezing/thawing processes produced a significant increase in phenol levels in all samples, due to cellular breakdown. After microwave heating browning processes occurred while steam-treated samples did not exhibit a significant colour change. Extractable PPO and POD activities in all banana samples increased as a consequence of freezing/thawing: steam-blanched slices exhibited lower residual activities. High correlations occurred between phenols and browning (r = 0.86) in control samples. Blanched samples (microwave or steam) only exhibited correlations between PPO (r = 0.80) and POD (r = 0.80) activities and browning.