INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF RICE GRAIN AND GROATS DEPENDING ON THE GENOTYPE OF CULTIVARS

The yield and the quality of grain and groats have been determined for rice varieties belonging to different ripening groups: early ripening Komandor and Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Ukraina 96, Vikont, Admiral, Magic, and Lotto, and late-ripening Fukushikiri, Giza 177, and Sakha 101. As to the quantitative indicators of grain quality, the highest total yield of groats (about 70%) was recorded for early-ripening Yuzhanin, and mid-ripening Lotto, and Magic. The whole kernel output (about 90%) was registered for early-ripening Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Lotto, Vikont, and Ukraina 96, and late-ripening Sakha 101. Early-ripening Yuzhanin and mid-ripening Lotto were distinguished due to high yields and high values of major quantitative characteristics of grain quality (total output of groats, output of whole kernels, 1000-kernel weight). Yuzhanin also had a high content of protein in grain. Groats of mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, Admiral and Vikont, late-ripening Fukushikiri and Giza 177, and early-ripening Yuzhanin had high culinary qualities due to their high volume increase index (when boiled). The structure of groats was the best in early-ripening Yuzhanin, late-ripening Giza 177 and Fukushikiri, mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, and Admiral. Early-ripening Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, and Admiral, late-ripening Giza 177 and Fukushikiri were distinguished due to their groats colour; mid-ripening Vikont, Magic, and Admiral, lateripening Giza 177, and early-ripening Yuzhanin - due to the groats aroma; mid-ripening Lotto, Vikont, Magic, and Admiral, early-ripening Yuzhanin, late-ripening Giza 177 and Sakha 101 - due to their palatability. By the set of parameters indicating the culinary quality of groats (increase index, structure, colour, aroma, palatability), early-ripening Yuzhanin, midripening Lotto, Admiral, Magic, and Vikont, late-ripening Fukushikiri and Giza 177 were higher than the reference variety Ukraina 96. The results of comprehensive assessment of yields, grain quality, and culinary qualities of the groats have allowed singling out two cultivars: early-ripening Yuzhanin and mid-ripening Lotto. They have been found valuable enough to be more widely used in the production of rice grain and groats. New rice lines with high culinary qualities of groats have been originated from crossing the varieties having high-quality groats, in particular, Yuzhanin and Lotto.